Organ allocation is the systematic process and academic field dedicated to determining which recipient receives a donated organ for transplantation. It involves the development, evaluation, and application of complex decision-making frameworks, including scoring systems and algorithms, designed to match available organs with potential recipients based on medical urgency, likelihood of successful transplantation, logistical feasibility, and ethical considerations. This research area investigates the performance, fairness, and impact of these systems on transplant outcomes, equity of access, and resource utilization within the context of organ scarcity and established ethical and regulatory guidelines.